Protests begin against TĆa MarĆa mining project. Photo: Diario Correo.
By Yves Engler – Feb 1, 2023
Seven weeks after Pedro Castillo was ousted protests and blockades continue across Peru.Ā SixtyĀ protesters have been killed since the elected president was ousted, a move Canada immediately endorsed.
Canadaās ambassador to Peru Louis Marcotte has worked hard to shore up support for Dina Boluarteās replacement āusurperā government. Since mid-December Marcotte hasĀ metĀ president Boluarte, the foreign minister, vulnerable populations minister andĀ miningĀ minister. It is rare for a Canadian ambassador to have so much contact with top officials of any government. The diplomatic activity highlights Ottawaās commitment to consolidating the shaky coup government, which has been rejected by many regional governments and has seen multiple ministers resign. The diplomatic encounters are also an indirect endorsement of Boluarteās repression. Security forces haveĀ shot hundredsĀ and detained many more.
The Canadian ambassadorās diplomatic visits are also an affront to the protesters who want Boluarte to resign. The indigenous-led popular uprising has also been calling for immediate elections, Castilloās release from jail and a constituent assembly to rewrite the constitution.
Marcotteās meetings follow similar moves by US Ambassador Lisa Kenna. Washingtonās representative in Peru has also met Boluarte, the foreign minister and mining minister. On January 18, Boluarte approved a draft resolution āauthorizingĀ the entry of naval units and foreign military personnelā into Peru. Having deployed troops to Peru on a number of occasions, the US is the likely target of this measure. (When the leftist TĆŗpac Amaru guerrilla group took dozens of foreign diplomats hostage at the Japanese embassy in Lima in 1996, Canadian JTF-2 special forcesĀ reportedlyĀ participated in the US-led rescue effort that left all 14 guerrillas dead, many of them reportedly executed.)
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Alongside supporting Washington in shoring up the Boluarte regime, Canada has massive mining interests in Peru. After meeting the usurper governmentās mining minister, Marcotte tweeted, āwith MinisterĀ Oscar Vera Gargurevich, we talked about modern mining investments that benefit communities and all of Peru. Ready to support the Peru delegation at PDAC [Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada] 2023, the most important mining exploration convention in the world, March 5-8 in Canada.ā
Canadian mining companies dominate in Peru. According to the former Latin America coordinator for Mining Watch, Kirsten Francescone,Ā 71 CanadianĀ firms operate there. They haveĀ $9.9 billionĀ in assets, which was equivalent to 4.5% of Peruās GDP in 2021.
As an illustration of the size of Canadian mining investment in Peru, Canadian banks have moved into the country to finance their activity. In 2006 ScotiaBank announced it was expanding operations there to do more business with mining clients.
During his election campaign CastilloĀ criticizedĀ foreign mining companies. HeĀ promisedĀ stronger environmental regulations and that some profits would go to communities in mining regions. His largely dysfunctional government failed to adopt any major reform though he may have emboldened protesters who targeted foreign companies with long strikes and blockades, which paralyzed mining production.
Corporate Canada is constantlyĀ expressingĀ concern aboutĀ resource nationalismĀ internationally. Executives of Canadian mining companies have repeatedlyĀ criticizedĀ efforts by Venezuela, Bolivia, Mexico and other countries in the region to gain a greater share of the profits from mining.
Largely a product of neoliberal reforms, Canadian firmsā legitimacy is tenuous. Before 1990 no Canadian mining company operated in Peru. Theyāve also spurred significant violence. Long opposed by locals, Toronto-based Hudbay Minerals wasĀ targetedĀ after Castilloās ouster. Protesters burnt and damaged their machinery and vehicles in the south of Peru.
When MiningWatch Canada employee Jen Moore was detained by Peruvian police for supporting communities harmed by Hudbay, the Trudeau government failed to follow its recently introduced policy on protecting environment and human rights defenders facing repression abroad. A Justice & Corporate Accountability Project report released last month titledĀ The TwoĀ Faces of Canadian Diplomacy details Canadian officialsā indifference to Mooreās 2017 detention.Ottawaās unwillingness to defend a prominent Canadian activist reflects the diplomatic apparatusā deference to mining interests in Peru.
Ottawa has plowed significant resources and diplomatic energy into advancing Canadian mining interests in the Andean nation. The federal government has supported many individual mining projects and worked to provide the industry with a profitable investment climate. Since the early 2000s Ottawa has channeled tens of millions of dollars into Peruās Ministry of Energy and Mines and mining related initiatives. In 2010 the Canadian International Development Agency spent $500,000 on a World Vision Canada/Barrick Gold project intended to pacify local opposition to the Toronto-based companyās mine in Peru.
In 2008 the federal government signed a free trade agreement (FTA) with Peru largely designed to protect Canadian investors. According to Foreign Affairs, āan investment chapter in the Canada-Peru FTA locks in market access for Canadian investors in Peru and provides greater stability, transparency and protection for their investments.ā
Ambassador Marcotteās meeting with the post-coup governmentās mining minister suggests Ottawa remains committed to helping Canadian firms extract profits from Peru.
Yves Engler
Yves Engler is Montreal-based writer and political activist. In addition to ten published books, Engler's writings have appeared in the alternative press and in mainstream publications such as The Globe and Mail, Toronto Star, Ottawa Citizen, and Ecologist.
